Which sedative-hypnotic type is primarily used for short-term treatment?

The correct answer is nonbenzodiazepines. These are a class of sedative-hypnotics designed specifically for short-term management of sleep disorders, such as insomnia. They generally have a rapid onset and a shorter half-life compared to other sedative-hypnotics, making them particularly effective for providing immediate relief without residual sedation the next day.

Nonbenzodiazepines, such as zolpidem and eszopiclone, selectively target specific subtypes of the GABA receptor, which can improve sleep without the extensive side effects associated with longer-acting medications. Their formulation allows for effective symptom relief while minimizing the risk of dependency and tolerance, which is a significant concern with longer-term use.

In contrast, benzodiazepines, while sometimes prescribed for short-term use, have a higher potential for dependency and are often not the first-line option for short treatment courses. Barbiturates, though historically used as sedatives, have largely fallen out of favor due to their narrow therapeutic window and higher risk of overdose. Alpha-2 agonists, while having sedative effects, are primarily used for conditions like anxiety and as adjuncts for sedation rather than as primary hypnotics for insomnia. Thus, nonbenzodiazepines represent the