Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by amphetamines?

Amphetamines primarily affect dopamine, a crucial neurotransmitter involved in the brain's reward system, motor control, and regulation of mood. When amphetamines are ingested, they increase the release of dopamine from presynaptic neurons and inhibit its reuptake. This leads to heightened dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft, resulting in enhanced stimulation of dopamine receptors. This mechanism is fundamental to the effects of amphetamines, which can include increased alertness, feelings of euphoria, and improved concentration.

Dopamine’s role in the context of amphetamines is particularly significant because it is closely linked to the pleasure and reward pathways of the brain. This makes dopaminergic pathways a primary target for substances that can modify mood and behavior, which is a hallmark effect of amphetamines.

While serotonin, acetylcholine, and GABA are also important neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, they are not primarily targeted by amphetamines in the same way. Amphetamines do have some secondary effects on serotonin and norepinephrine, but the most direct and pronounced action they have is on dopamine signaling. Understanding this action is crucial for grasping the overall impact of amphetamines on behavior and mood.