What stage of REM sleep is known to be suppressed by benzodiazepines?

Benzodiazepines are known to affect the architecture of sleep, particularly by suppressing certain stages of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. The stage that is most notably decreased by benzodiazepines is the later portions of REM sleep, which are more aligned with what was historically identified as Stage 4 sleep.

In the context of sleep cycles, Stage 4 sleep is characterized by deep sleep and a high intensity of REM periods. When benzodiazepines are administered, they often inhibit REM sleep, leading to a reduction in the quality and quantity of this important sleep phase. This suppression can affect various aspects of cognitive function and emotional regulation, as REM sleep is crucial for processes like memory consolidation and mood stabilization.

Understanding the impact of benzodiazepines on REM sleep helps elucidate some of the reasons why patients may experience disruptions in sleep quality or altered psychological states when using these medications for sleep disturbances or anxiety.