What is the therapeutic range for phenobarbital when treating seizures?

The therapeutic range for phenobarbital when treating seizures is properly established at 20-40 mcg/mL. This range is critical as monitoring drug levels within this window can help ensure the medication is effective while minimizing the risk of toxicity. Phenobarbital, which is a barbiturate, acts as a central nervous system depressant by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA, thus helping to prevent seizure activity.

When phenobarbital levels fall below the therapeutic range, seizure control may be inadequate, leading to potential breakthrough seizures. Conversely, levels above this range can cause dose-related side effects, including sedation, respiratory depression, and in severe cases, coma.

Understanding the correct therapeutic concentrations assists healthcare providers in managing dosages effectively, assessing patient responses, and adjusting treatment as necessary to maintain optimal seizure control while ensuring patient safety.