What is the role of diethyl fumarate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Diethyl fumarate is primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its unique mechanism of action that focuses on modulating the immune system. It acts as a selective immunosuppressant, which helps to reduce the frequency of relapses and progression of disability associated with MS. The compound exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes a shift in immune response from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory through pathways that involve nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activation. By enhancing the body's antioxidative stress response and reducing inflammatory processes, diethyl fumarate contributes to stabilizing the disease and delaying its progression over time.

This selective action differentiates it from broad-spectrum immunosuppressants, making it a targeted therapeutic option for patients with relapsing forms of MS. Its safety profile and tolerability contribute to its use in clinical practice as a long-term treatment approach.