What are contraindications of anticholinergics?

Anticholinergics are a class of medications that block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various bodily functions. The correct answer highlights the contraindications of using anticholinergics, particularly in patients with dementia and glaucoma.

In patients with dementia, anticholinergics can exacerbate cognitive impairment and confusion. Acetylcholine plays a critical role in memory and learning processes; thus, blocking its action can worsen the condition of individuals who already have compromised cognitive functions, leading to a decline in their overall mental status.

Regarding glaucoma, anticholinergics can potentially increase intraocular pressure, which can lead to worsening of the condition. This is particularly relevant in closed-angle glaucoma, where the angle between the iris and cornea is already narrow. By inhibiting the outflow of aqueous humor due to pupil dilation (mydriasis), anticholinergics can precipitate a glaucoma attack, making these medications contraindicated for patients with this eye condition.

Other choices provided — such as severe dehydration with hypertension, sleep apnea with asthma, and kidney or liver disease — are considerations for specific side effects or interactions but are not universally recognized as absolute contraindications for the use of anticholinergics like dementia